file_example.module

<?php
/**
 * @file
 * Hook implementations for the File Example module.
 */

/**
 * @defgroup file_example Example: Files
 * @ingroup examples
 * @{
 * This example demonstrates how to use the file API and the stream wrappers.
 *
 * The File example module is part of the Examples for Developers project. You
 * can download and experiment with this code at the
 * @link http://backdropcms.org/project/examples Examples for Developers @endlink
 * project page.
 *
 * See @link file-module-api File module public API functions @endlink and
 * @link file File Interface @endlink.
 */

/**
 * Implements hook_menu().
 *
 * Set up the URLs (menu entries) for the file examples.
 */
function file_example_menu() {
  $items = array();
  $items['examples/file_example'] = array(
    'title' => 'File Example',
    'page callback' => 'file_example_intro',
    'access callback' => TRUE,
    'expanded' => TRUE,
  );
  $items['examples/file_example/fileapi'] = array(
    'title' => 'Use File API to read/write a file',
    'page callback' => 'backdrop_get_form',
    'access arguments' => array('use file example'),
    'page arguments' => array('file_example_readwrite'),
  );
  $items['examples/file_example/access_session'] = array(
    'page callback' => 'file_example_session_contents',
    'access arguments' => array('use file example'),
    'type' => MENU_CALLBACK,
  );
  return $items;
}


/**
 * Implements hook_permission().
 */
function file_example_permission() {
  return array(
    'use file example' => array(
      'title' => t('Use the examples in the File Example module'),
    ),
  );
}

/**
 * A simple introduction to the workings of this module.
 */
function file_example_intro() {
  $markup = t('The file example module provides a form and code to demonstrate the Backdrop file api. Experiment with the form, and then look at the submit handlers in the code to understand the file api.');
  return array('#markup' => $markup);
}
/**
 * Form builder function.
 *
 * A simple form that allows creation of a file, managed or unmanaged. It
 * also allows reading/deleting a file and creation of a directory.
 */
function file_example_readwrite($form, &$form_state) {
  if (empty($_SESSION['file_example_default_file'])) {
    $_SESSION['file_example_default_file'] = 'session://backdrop.txt';
  }
  $default_file = $_SESSION['file_example_default_file'];
  if (empty($_SESSION['file_example_default_directory'])) {
    $_SESSION['file_example_default_directory'] = 'session://directory1';
  }
  $default_directory = $_SESSION['file_example_default_directory'];

  $form['write_file'] = array(
    '#type' => 'fieldset',
    '#title' => t('Write to a file'),
  );
  $form['write_file']['write_contents'] = array(
    '#type' => 'textfield',
    '#title' => t('Enter something you would like to write to a file') . ' ' . date('m'),
    '#default_value' => t('Put some text here or just use this text'),
  );

  $form['write_file']['destination'] = array(
    '#type' => 'textfield',
    '#default_value' => $default_file,
    '#title' => t('Optional: Enter the streamwrapper saying where it should be written'),
    '#description' => t('This may be public://some_dir/test_file.txt or private://another_dir/some_file.txt, for example. If you include a directory, it must already exist. The default is "public://". Since this example supports session://, you can also use something like session://somefile.txt.'),
  );

  $form['write_file']['managed_submit'] = array(
    '#type' => 'submit',
    '#value' => t('Write managed file'),
    '#submit' => array('file_example_managed_write_submit'),
  );
  $form['write_file']['unmanaged_submit'] = array(
    '#type' => 'submit',
    '#value' => t('Write unmanaged file'),
    '#submit' => array('file_example_unmanaged_write_submit'),
  );
  $form['write_file']['unmanaged_php'] = array(
    '#type' => 'submit',
    '#value' => t('Unmanaged using PHP'),
    '#submit' => array('file_example_unmanaged_php_submit'),
  );

  $form['fileops'] = array(
    '#type' => 'fieldset',
    '#title' => t('Read from a file'),
  );
  $form['fileops']['fileops_file'] = array(
    '#type' => 'textfield',
    '#default_value' => $default_file,
    '#title' => t('Enter the URI of a file'),
    '#description' => t('This must be a stream-type description like public://some_file.txt or http://backdropcms.org or private://another_file.txt or (for this example) session://yet_another_file.txt.'),
  );
  $form['fileops']['read_submit'] = array(
    '#type' => 'submit',
    '#value' => t('Read the file and store it locally'),
    '#submit' => array('file_example_read_submit'),
  );
  $form['fileops']['delete_submit'] = array(
    '#type' => 'submit',
    '#value' => t('Delete file'),
    '#submit' => array('file_example_delete_submit'),
  );
  $form['fileops']['check_submit'] = array(
    '#type' => 'submit',
    '#value' => t('Check to see if file exists'),
    '#submit' => array('file_example_file_check_exists_submit'),
  );

  $form['directory'] = array(
    '#type' => 'fieldset',
    '#title' => t('Create or prepare a directory'),
  );

  $form['directory']['directory_name'] = array(
    '#type' => 'textfield',
    '#title' => t('Directory to create/prepare/delete'),
    '#default_value' => $default_directory,
    '#description' => t('This is a directory as in public://some/directory or private://another/dir.'),
  );
  $form['directory']['create_directory'] = array(
    '#type' => 'submit',
    '#value' => t('Create directory'),
    '#submit' => array('file_example_create_directory_submit'),
  );
  $form['directory']['delete_directory'] = array(
    '#type' => 'submit',
    '#value' => t('Delete directory'),
    '#submit' => array('file_example_delete_directory_submit'),
  );
  $form['directory']['check_directory'] = array(
    '#type' => 'submit',
    '#value' => t('Check to see if directory exists'),
    '#submit' => array('file_example_check_directory_submit'),
  );

  $form['debug'] = array(
    '#type' => 'fieldset',
    '#title' => t('Debugging'),
  );
  $form['debug']['show_raw_session'] = array(
    '#type' => 'submit',
    '#value' => t('Show raw $_SESSION contents'),
    '#submit' => array('file_example_show_session_contents_submit'),
  );

  return $form;
}

/**
 * Submit handler to write a managed file.
 *
 * The key functions used here are:
 * - file_save_data(), which takes a buffer and saves it to a named file and
 *   also creates a tracking record in the database and returns a file object.
 *   In this function we use FILE_EXISTS_RENAME (the default) as the argument,
 *   which means that if there's an existing file, create a new non-colliding
 *   filename and use it.
 * - file_create_url(), which converts a URI in the form public://junk.txt or
 *   private://something/test.txt into a URL like
 *   http://example.com/sites/default/files/junk.txt.
 */
function file_example_managed_write_submit($form, &$form_state) {
  $data = $form_state['values']['write_contents'];
  $uri = !empty($form_state['values']['destination']) ? $form_state['values']['destination'] : NULL;

  // Managed operations work with a file object.
  $file_object = file_save_data($data, $uri, FILE_EXISTS_RENAME);
  if (!empty($file_object)) {
    $url = file_create_url($file_object->uri);
    $_SESSION['file_example_default_file'] = $file_object->uri;
    backdrop_set_message(
      t('Saved managed file: %file to destination %destination (accessible via !url, actual uri=<span id="uri">@uri</span>)',
        array(
          '%file' => print_r($file_object, TRUE),
          '%destination' => $uri, '@uri' => $file_object->uri,
          '!url' => l(t('this URL'), $url),
        )
      )
    );
  }
  else {
    backdrop_set_message(t('Failed to save the managed file'), 'error');
  }
}

/**
 * Submit handler to write an unmanaged file.
 *
 * The key functions used here are:
 * - file_unmanaged_save_data(), which takes a buffer and saves it to a named
 *   file, but does not create any kind of tracking record in the database.
 *   This example uses FILE_EXISTS_REPLACE for the third argument, meaning
 *   that if there's an existing file at this location, it should be replaced.
 * - file_create_url(), which converts a URI in the form public://junk.txt or
 *   private://something/test.txt into a URL like
 *   http://example.com/sites/default/files/junk.txt.
 */
function file_example_unmanaged_write_submit($form, &$form_state) {
  $data = $form_state['values']['write_contents'];
  $destination = !empty($form_state['values']['destination']) ? $form_state['values']['destination'] : NULL;

  // With the unmanaged file we just get a filename back.
  $filename = file_unmanaged_save_data($data, $destination, FILE_EXISTS_REPLACE);
  if ($filename) {
    $url = file_create_url($filename);
    $_SESSION['file_example_default_file'] = $filename;
    backdrop_set_message(
      t('Saved file as %filename (accessible via !url, uri=<span id="uri">@uri</span>)',
        array(
          '%filename' => $filename,
          '@uri' => $filename,
          '!url' => l(t('this URL'), $url),
        )
      )
    );
  }
  else {
    backdrop_set_message(t('Failed to save the file'), 'error');
  }
}

/**
 * Submit handler to write an unmanaged file using plain PHP functions.
 *
 * The key functions used here are:
 * - file_unmanaged_save_data(), which takes a buffer and saves it to a named
 *   file, but does not create any kind of tracking record in the database.
 * - file_create_url(), which converts a URI in the form public://junk.txt or
 *   private://something/test.txt into a URL like
 *   http://example.com/sites/default/files/junk.txt.
 * - backdrop_tempnam() generates a temporary filename for use.
 */
function file_example_unmanaged_php_submit($form, &$form_state) {
  $data = $form_state['values']['write_contents'];
  $destination = !empty($form_state['values']['destination']) ? $form_state['values']['destination'] : NULL;

  if (empty($destination)) {
    // If no destination has been provided, use a generated name.
    $destination = backdrop_tempnam('public://', 'file');
  }

  // With all traditional PHP functions we can use the stream wrapper notation
  // for a file as well.
  $fp = fopen($destination, 'w');

  // To demonstrate the fact that everything is based on streams, we'll do
  // multiple 5-character writes to put this to the file. We could easily
  // (and far more conveniently) write it in a single statement with
  // fwrite($fp, $data).
  $length = strlen($data);
  $write_size = 5;
  for ($i = 0; $i < $length; $i += $write_size) {
    $result = fwrite($fp, substr($data, $i, $write_size));
    if ($result === FALSE) {
      backdrop_set_message(t('Failed writing to the file %file', array('%file' => $destination)), 'error');
      fclose($fp);
      return;
    }
  }
  $url = file_create_url($destination);
  $_SESSION['file_example_default_file'] = $destination;
  backdrop_set_message(
    t('Saved file as %filename (accessible via !url, uri=<span id="uri">@uri</span>)',
      array(
        '%filename' => $destination,
        '@uri' => $destination,
        '!url' => l(t('this URL'), $url),
      )
    )
  );
}

/**
 * Submit handler for reading a stream wrapper.
 *
 * Backdrop now has full support for PHP's stream wrappers, which means that
 * instead of the traditional use of all the file functions
 * ($fp = fopen("/tmp/some_file.txt");) far more sophisticated and generalized
 * (and extensible) things can be opened as if they were files. Backdrop itself
 * provides the public:// and private:// schemes for handling public and
 * private files. PHP provides file:// (the default) and http://, so that a
 * URL can be read or written (as in a POST) as if it were a file. In addition,
 * new schemes can be provided for custom applications, as will be demonstrated
 * below.
 *
 * Here we take the stream wrapper provided in the form. We grab the
 * contents with file_get_contents(). Notice that it's as simple as that:
 * file_get_contents("http://example.com") or
 * file_get_contents("public://somefile.txt") just works. Although it's
 * not necessary, we use file_unmanaged_save_data() to save this file locally
 * and then find a local URL for it by using file_create_url().
 */
function file_example_read_submit($form, &$form_state) {
  $uri = $form_state['values']['fileops_file'];

  if (!is_file($uri)) {
    backdrop_set_message(t('The file %uri does not exist', array('%uri' => $uri)), 'error');
    return;
  }

  // Make a working filename to save this by stripping off the (possible)
  // file portion of the stream wrapper. If it's an evil file extension,
  // file_munge_filename() will neuter it.
  $filename = file_munge_filename(preg_replace('@^.*/@', '', $uri), '', TRUE);
  $buffer = file_get_contents($uri);

  if ($buffer) {
    $sourcename = file_unmanaged_save_data($buffer, 'public://' . $filename);
    if ($sourcename) {
      $url = file_create_url($sourcename);
      $_SESSION['file_example_default_file'] = $sourcename;
      backdrop_set_message(
        t('The file was read and copied to %filename which is accessible at !url',
          array(
            '%filename' => $sourcename,
            '!url' => l($url, $url),
          )
        )
      );
    }
    else {
      backdrop_set_message(t('Failed to save the file'));
    }
  }
  else {
    // We failed to get the contents of the requested file.
    backdrop_set_message(t('Failed to retrieve the file %file', array('%file' => $uri)));
  }
}

/**
 * Submit handler to delete a file.
 */
function file_example_delete_submit($form, &$form_state) {

  $uri = $form_state['values']['fileops_file'];

  // Since we don't know if the file is managed or not, look in the database
  // to see. Normally, code would be working with either managed or unmanaged
  // files, so this is not a typical situation.
  $file_object = file_example_get_managed_file($uri);

  // If a managed file, use file_delete().
  if (!empty($file_object)) {
    file_delete($file_object->fid);
    // File delete has no return; see https://github.com/backdrop/backdrop-issues/issues/652
    // so we check if the file was deleted by trying to load it.
    $not_deleted = file_load($file_object->fid);
    if ($not_deleted) {
      backdrop_set_message(t('Failed deleting managed file %uri', array('%uri' => $uri, 'error')));
    }
    else {
      backdrop_set_message(t('Successfully deleted managed file %uri', array('%uri' => $uri)));
      $_SESSION['file_example_default_file'] = $uri;
    }
  }
  // Else use file_unmanaged_delete().
  else {
    $result = file_unmanaged_delete($uri);
    if ($result !== TRUE) {
      backdrop_set_message(t('Failed deleting unmanaged file %uri', array('%uri' => $uri, 'error')));
    }
    else {
      backdrop_set_message(t('Successfully deleted unmanaged file %uri', array('%uri' => $uri)));
      $_SESSION['file_example_default_file'] = $uri;
    }
  }
}

/**
 * Submit handler to check existence of a file.
 */
function file_example_file_check_exists_submit($form, &$form_state) {
  $uri = $form_state['values']['fileops_file'];
  if (is_file($uri)) {
    backdrop_set_message(t('The file %uri exists.', array('%uri' => $uri)));
  }
  else {
    backdrop_set_message(t('The file %uri does not exist.', array('%uri' => $uri)));
  }

}
/**
 * Submit handler for directory creation.
 *
 * Here we create a directory and set proper permissions on it using
 * file_prepare_directory().
 */
function file_example_create_directory_submit($form, &$form_state) {
  $directory = $form_state['values']['directory_name'];

  // The options passed to file_prepare_directory are a bitmask, so we can
  // specify either FILE_MODIFY_PERMISSIONS (set permissions on the directory),
  // FILE_CREATE_DIRECTORY, or both together:
  // FILE_MODIFY_PERMISSIONS | FILE_CREATE_DIRECTORY.
  // FILE_MODIFY_PERMISSIONS will set the permissions of the directory by
  // by default to 0755, or to the value of the variable 'file_chmod_directory'.
  if (!file_prepare_directory($directory, FILE_MODIFY_PERMISSIONS | FILE_CREATE_DIRECTORY)) {
    backdrop_set_message(t('Failed to create %directory.', array('%directory' => $directory)), 'error');
  }
  else {
    $result = is_dir($directory);
    backdrop_set_message(t('Directory %directory is ready for use.', array('%directory' => $directory)));
    $_SESSION['file_example_default_directory'] = $directory;
  }
}

/**
 * Submit handler for directory deletion.
 *
 * @see file_unmanaged_delete_recursive()
 */
function file_example_delete_directory_submit($form, &$form_state) {
  $directory = $form_state['values']['directory_name'];

  $result = file_unmanaged_delete_recursive($directory);
  if (!$result) {
    backdrop_set_message(t('Failed to delete %directory.', array('%directory' => $directory)), 'error');
  }
  else {
    backdrop_set_message(t('Recursively deleted directory %directory.', array('%directory' => $directory)));
    $_SESSION['file_example_default_directory'] = $directory;
  }
}

/**
 * Submit handler to test directory existence.
 *
 * This actually just checks to see if the directory is writable
 *
 * @param array $form
 *   FormAPI form.
 * @param array $form_state
 *   FormAPI form state.
 */
function file_example_check_directory_submit($form, &$form_state) {
  $directory = $form_state['values']['directory_name'];
  $result = is_dir($directory);
  if (!$result) {
    backdrop_set_message(t('Directory %directory does not exist.', array('%directory' => $directory)));
  }
  else {
    backdrop_set_message(t('Directory %directory exists.', array('%directory' => $directory)));
  }
}

/**
 * Utility submit function to show the contents of $_SESSION.
 */
function file_example_show_session_contents_submit($form, &$form_state) {
  // If the devel module is installed, use its nicer message format.
  if (module_exists('devel')) {
    dsm($_SESSION['file_example'], t('Entire $_SESSION["file_example"]'));
  }
  else {
    backdrop_set_message('<pre>' . print_r($_SESSION['file_example'], TRUE) . '</pre>');
  }
}

/**
 * Utility function to check for and return a managed file.
 *
 * In this demonstration code we don't necessarily know if a file is managed
 * or not, so often need to check to do the correct behavior. Normal code
 * would not have to do this, as it would be working with either managed or
 * unmanaged files.
 *
 * @param string $uri
 *   The URI of the file, like public://test.txt.
 */
function file_example_get_managed_file($uri) {
  $fid = db_query('SELECT fid FROM {file_managed} WHERE uri = :uri', array(':uri' => $uri))->fetchField();
  if (!empty($fid)) {
    $file_object = file_load($fid);
    return $file_object;
  }
  return FALSE;
}

/**
 * Implements hook_stream_wrappers().
 *
 * hook_stream_wrappers() is Backdrop's way of exposing the class that PHP will
 * use to provide a new stream wrapper class. In this case, we'll expose the
 * 'session' scheme, so a file reference like "session://example/example.txt"
 * is readable and writable as a location in the $_SESSION variable.
 *
 * @see FileExampleSessionStreamWrapper
 */
function file_example_stream_wrappers() {
  $wrappers = array(
    'session' => array(
      'name' => t('Example: $_SESSION variable storage'),
      'class' => 'FileExampleSessionStreamWrapper',
      'description' => t('Store files in the $_SESSION variable as an example.'),
    ),
  );
  return $wrappers;
}

/**
 * Show the contents of a session file.
 *
 * This page callback function is called by the Menu API for the path
 * examples/file_example/access_session. Any extra path elements
 * beyond this are considered to be the session path. E.g.:
 * examples/file_example/access_session/foo/bar.txt would be the
 * equivalent of session://foo/bar.txt, which will map into
 * $_SESSION as keys: $_SESSION['foo']['bar.txt']
 *
 * Menu API will pass in additional path elements as function arguments. You
 * can obtain these with func_get_args().
 *
 * @return string
 *   A message containing the contents of the session file.
 *
 * @see file_get_contents()
 */
function file_example_session_contents() {
  $path_components = func_get_args();
  $session_path = 'session://' . implode('/', $path_components);
  $content = file_get_contents($session_path);
  if ($content !== FALSE) {
    return t('Contents of @path :',
      array('@path' => check_plain($session_path))) . ' ' .
      print_r($content, TRUE);
  }
  return t('Unable to load contents of: @path',
    array('@path' => check_plain($session_path)));
}

/**
 * Implements hook_autoload_info().
 */
function file_example_autoload_info() {
  return array(
    'FileExampleSessionStreamWrapper' => 'file_example_session_streams.inc',
  );
}

/**
 * @} End of "defgroup file_example".
 */